Evolution ... Is Opportunistic, Hence Unpredictable.

On Earth, Among Millions Of Lineages Or Organisms And Perhaps 50 Billion Speciation Events, Only One Led To High Intelligence ; This Makes Me Believe Its Utter Improbablity.

Evolution, Thus, Is Merely Contingent On Certain Processes Articulated By Darwin: Variation And Selection. No Longer Is A Fixed Object Transformed, As In Transformational Evolution, But An Entirely New Start Is, So To Speak, Made In Every Generation.

The Issue, As Correctly Emphasized By Carl Sagan, Is The Probability Of The Evolution Of High Intelligence And An Electronic Civilization On An Inhabited World. Once We Have Life (and Almost Surely It Will Be Very Different From Life On Earth), What Is The Probability Of Its Developing A Lineage With High Intelligence? On Earth, Among Millions Of Lineages Of Organisms And Perhaps 50 Billion Speciation Events, Only One Led To High Intelligence; This Makes Me Believe In Its Utter Improbability.

Anyone Who Writes About "darwin's Theory Of Evolutionin The Singular, Without Segregating The Theories Of Gradual Evolution, Common Descent, Speciation, And The Mechanism Of Natural Selection, Will Be Quite Unable To Discuss The Subject Competently.

The History Of Science Knows Scores Of Instances Where An Investigator Was In The Possession Of All The Important Facts For A New Theory But Simply Failed To Ask The Right Questions.